http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/services/Feed ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:25073 While the High Court’s constitutional review function is well-accepted in modern legal discourse, there has been surprisingly little analysis of what Australia’s Constitutional framers intended for our Federal Supreme Court. First, this paper recognises that the High Court wields legal power that possesses significant political consequences for Australian society. It seeks to illustrate this proposition through a political and legal analysis of the State Banking and Bank Nationalisation cases. Secondly, it asks itself whether the High Court was meant to be the sole overseer of its constitutional review function, and answers that question affirmatively. In doing so, it discusses the American decision of Marbury v Madison, and its significance to the Convention delegates. 2013-04-08T13:28:55.621Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:24842 Past research on the status of floating population in the urban labor market in China tended to focus on migrants from rural areas to cities．This paper takes consideration of both migrants from rural areas and migrants from other cities and analyzes factors affecting wage income distribution and social insurance participation among three groups of population in urban China，namely rural migrants， urban migrants and urban local workers．The study is based on data from a 2008 survey in four large Chinese cities．The results of this study confirm that if demographic and human capital related factors are controlled there are no significant wage differentials among local urban workers，urban migrants and rural migrants，but the likelihoods of social insurance participation for the three groups with different household registration status are significantly different with the lowest among rural migrants and highest among urban local workers．It implies that wage income has been largely determined by non-institutional labor market mechanisms，but social insurance participation is still associated with one's hukou status，an institutional mechanism that played a determining role of one's life chance and economic wellbeing in the pre-reform China．It confirms that rural/urban divide in the household registration system has become less important than the divide between migrants and local residents in Chinese cities． 2013-03-18T04:00:17.315Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:22160 "William McKell, the long-serving Labor premier of New South Wales (1941-47), was described by Neville Wran as 'perhaps the most significant political figure in the history of NSW'. He played a central role in creating the modern Labor Party, and his efforts to mould the party into a pragmatic, electorally successful political machine have had an enduring influence." "McKell's long and influential career in public life began after the momentous 1916 split in the ALP, when he became the youngest member of state parliament after the ensuing election. Before he turned thirty he was a government minister and, after winning the party leadership in 1939, he led Labor to victory in 1941. As wartime premier McKell balanced the needs of the war economy with a practical program of social reform. After six years as premier he made the controversial decision to accept Prime Minister Chifley's invitation to become governor-general, a post he filled until 1953.". "In this first full-length biography of William McKell in nearly thirty years, Christopher Cunneen provides a vivid portrait of the development of this important and in some ways enigmatic Labor figure, and an insight into New South Wales politics during a key period in twentieth century history." 2012-10-23T00:34:07.144Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:22200 A critical examination of the rise to power of eight men who led the Labor Council between 1946 and 2001. It provides a unique insight into the relationship between the Labor Council and the Labor Party and throws new light on the right-wing faction. Brothers is a controversial study of how these eight men maintained the predominance of the Right in the New South Wales labor movement. 2012-10-23T00:32:41.376Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:20692 The 2011 NSW election produced the largest two-party swing in recent Australian election history, ending 16 years of Labor government. It raises the prospect of the end of Labor's dominance of NSW politics. This paper focuses on the consequences of ALP instability for the Party's electoral opportunities and strategy in the lead-up to its 2011 defeat. The authors single out the mass departure of Labor MPs prior to the election and the loss of Greens preferences as interesting problems for empirical analysis. They explore both loss of incumbency and preference effects in a seat-level (n = 93) regression model and comment on the significance of the findings for NSW Labor. 2012-08-08T14:51:55.316Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:19482 "Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Economics with Honours in Economics, Macquarie University, 7th November, 2003" 2012-05-30T09:52:40.249Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:18334 One of the most vexing questions in contemporary political philosophy and social theory concerns the framework within which to undertake a normatively well-grounded, empirically attuned critique of capitalist society. This volume takes the debate forward by proposing a new framework that emphasizes the central anthropological significance of work (its role in constituting human subjectivity) as well as the role work has in the formation of social bonds. Drawing on the philosophy of Hegel and the post-Hegelian tradition of critical social theory, special attention is given to the significance of recognition in work, the problems of misrecognition generated in the present culture of capitalism, and the normative resources available for criticising it. 2012-03-26T22:20:13.516Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:17519 This text examines different approaches to understanding the nature of the employment relationship, complete with a contextual background as to how this relationship has changed and developed throughout our nations's history. The Workplace Relations Amendment (Work Choices) Act 2005 signalled the dawning of a new era in employment relations in Australia. This text offers a balanced view of this legislation and explores its likely impact. 2012-02-11T06:31:06.465Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:17522 The relationship between employers and employees has been one of the most hotly debated issues in Australia in recent times. The impact of recent legislation provides evidence of this. The impact of recent developments is explored and analysed in detail in this new edition. 2012-02-11T06:31:01.941Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:17419 83 page(s) 2012-02-07T09:42:52.143Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:12399 Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Humanities, Department of Modern History, 2003. 2011-04-04T07:00:55.106Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:9699 Efficient division of labor is one of the main reasons for the success of the social insects. In honey bees the division of labor is principally achieved by workers changing tasks as they age. Typically, young adult bees perform a series of tasks within the colony before ultimately making the transition to foraging outside the hive for resources. This lifelong behavioral development is a well-characterized example of naturally occurring behavioral plasticity, but its neural bases are not well understood. Two techniques were used to assess the role of biogenic amines in the transition from in-hive work to foraging, which is the most dramatic and obvious transition in honey bee behavioral development. First, associations between amines and tasks were determined by measuring the levels of amines in dissected regions of individual bee brains using HPLC analysis. Second, colonies were orally treated with biogenic amines and effects on the onset of foraging were observed. Octopamine concentration in the antennal lobes of the bee brain was most reliably associated with task: high in foragers and low in nurses regardless of age. In contrast, octopamine in the mushroom bodies, a neighboring neuropil, was associated with age and not behavior, indicating independent modulation of octopamine in these two brain regions. Treating colonies with octopamine resulted in an earlier onset of foraging in young bees. In addition, octopamine levels were not elevated by non-foraging flight, but were already high on return from the first successful foraging trip and subsequently remained high, showing no further change with foraging experience. This observation suggests that octopamine becomes elevated in the antennal lobes in anticipation of foraging and is involved in the release and maintenance of the foraging state. Foraging itself, however, does not modulate octopamine levels. Behaviorally related changes in octopamine are modulated by juvenile hormone, which has also been implicated in the control of honey bee division of labor. Treatment with the juvenile hormone analog methoprene elevated octopamine and octopamine treatment ‘rescued’ the delay in behavioral development caused by experimentally depleting juvenile hormone in bees. Although the pathways linking juvenile hormone and octopamine are presently unknown, it is clear that octopamine acts ‘downstream’ of juvenile hormone to influence behavior and that juvenile hormone modulates brain octopamine levels. A working hypothesis is that octopamine acts as an activator of foraging by modulating responsiveness to foraging-related stimuli. This is supported by the finding that octopamine treatment increased the response of bees to brood pheromone, a stimulator of foraging activity. Establishing a role for octopamine in honey bee behavioral development is a first step in understanding the neural bases of this example of naturally occurring, socially mediated, behavioral plasticity. The next level of analysis will be to determine precisely where and how octopamine acts in the nervous system to coordinate this complex social behavior. 2011-03-21T22:30:05.803Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:12248 In recent years there has been important debate on the changing nature of the employment relationship, with some scholars claiming a significant weakening of the bond between employers and employees. An associated implication is that internal labour markets (ILMs) are becoming less prevalent in the economy. This paper uses data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ Survey of Education and Training Experience 1993-2005 to explore whether the bonds between employers and employees are weakening, and hence whether ILMs are being dismantled. Measures of job tenure, training expenditure and earnings are examined. Results indicate little or modest change in the first two measures. In addition the paper finds no evidence of a change in the average return to job tenure in earnings functions. On balance, the paper does not find a weakening in the relationship between employers and employees in Australia. This in turn suggests that ILMs are not of declining importance in the Australian labour market. 2011-03-21T05:00:47.206Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:7421 The paper uses two cohorts of the longitudinal survey of immigrants to Australia data to study how changes in social security legislation in 1997 affected the quality of jobs held by new migrants. We use bivariate probit models to estimate the probabilities of holding a 'good job' in terms of the usual human capital and demographic variables (including visa category). Our results suggest that the policy change had a positive impact on the probability to find a job, but a negative impact to hold a good job. 2010-11-03T00:24:24.302Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:10205 Cover title. 2010-10-27T05:05:13.840Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:5092 An ethnography of Arab and Western tourism in Egypt that explores nationalism, identity, gender, class, and labor migration. 2010-05-19T02:51:37.362Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:8151 We construct a dynamic error correction model of the Australian labor market using a macroeconomic panel across seven states from 1972:3 to 1999:1. Medium-run equilibrium estimates support a real wage-productivity gap and an unemployment gap. The dynamic short-run estimates support expectations-augmented Phillips curves for wages and prices, and demand-led employment growth. We compare three procedures – pooled, aggregate and mean group estimates. Considerable heterogeneity existed across states in the pooled procedure, and state-level variables had a significant impact in the aggregate procedure. Out-of-sample aggregate forecasting for the pooled, aggregate and mean group procedures suggests that the pooled one performs best. 2010-05-14T09:20:26.566Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:8002 In this article, we explore responses of trade unions to the reconfiguration of the Australian industrial relations system in the 1990s. We argue that a major characteristic of these changes is the way in which they were socially constructed as necessary imperatives of globalization and new modes of production. Our interpretation focuses on the importance of geographic scale. We contend that a relational sense of scale is consistent with an analysis of the situatedness of labor practices and that Australia has witnessed a particularly striking use of "globalization" as political narrative. We then detail key features of the new industrial relations environment in Australia that have transformed a system that was once exceptional in its degree of nationally centralized negotiation and collective bargaining. The implications of two important confrontations related to the 1996 Workplace Relations Act are explored in detail: the conflicts between transnational mining giant Rio Tinto and the mineworkers' union over reform in the Australian coal industry and the waterfront dispute over working practices and relations in Australian ports. In conclusion, we draw out some of the broader lessons from these events in the context of rescaling processes. 2010-05-03T07:20:31.987Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:399 The introduction of the European Directive on Information and Consultation and the recent implementation of the Information and Consultation of Employees (ICE) Regulations into United Kingdom (UK) law have increased the focus on workplace representation arrangements. This paper examines the interplay between nonunion and union representative arrangements at Eurotunnel (UK) and assesses their effectiveness in representing the needs of employees over a 5-year period. Importantly, the paper also examines the opportunities and challenges of both nonunion representation (NER) and union voice arrangements. The findings show that the effectiveness of nonunion structures as bodies representing the interests of employees in filling the lack of representation is questionable. However, union recognition through an employer–union partnership agreement has also raised important issues regarding the effectiveness, impact, and legitimacy of unions at Eurotunnel. The main implication of this research is that the existence of a mechanism—union or nonunion—for communication between management and employees at the workplace may not be a sufficient condition for effective representation of employee interests. In addition, while trade unions may provide greater voice than nonunion arrangements (thus the reluctance of management to accept such voice arrangements), the strength of voice is dependent on the legitimacy and effectiveness of trade unions in representing employees’ interests at the workplace. And that in turn depends on the union being perceived by the workforce as both representative and able to act independently. If the union cannot, it will not meet the needs of either employees or management—and could run the risk of being supplanted under the provisions of the new EU Directive on Information and Consultation with tougher requirements for compliance in terms of procedures for consultation and information disclosure. 2010-04-23T02:07:26.775Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:7880 2010-04-22T06:30:29.154Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:375 Registered nurses (RNs) working in the NSW public sector in 1996 are matched to the hospital in which they work. We analyse their annual retention probability using personal and job characteristics along with hospital characteristics. The youngest nurses are most likely to leave although promotion at junior levels counteracts this effect. Generally, hours of work are positively related to retention. Hospital characteristics that positively affect retention include size, expenditures, emergency admissions and staffing levels. Negative conditions include workloads, complexity (ANDRG weight), and VMO expenditures. Surprisingly, we find no evidence of hospital-specific effects over and above hospital characteristics. 2010-04-08T05:26:25.663Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:7545 We study the role of ethnic networks in migrants' job search and the quality of jobs they find in the first years of settlement. We find that there are initial downward movements along the occupational ladder, followed by improvements. As a result of restrictions in welfare eligibility since 1997, we study whether this increases the probability that new migrants accept 'bad jobs' quickly and then move onto better jobs over time. Holding employability constant, our results support this view. However, accounting for their higher employability, new migrants seem to fare better up to 1.5 years after settlement. 2010-03-24T15:10:29.191Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:281 2010-01-27T23:30:03.120Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:829 Rethinking Work is an innovative reconsideration of the most vital and contested domain of our social being. New contributions from academics in Work and Organisational Studies at the University of Sydney are structured around the themes of time, space and discourse to highlight the value-laden and constructed nature of these categories as they are applied to the organization our working lives. Time may function as a container of meaning, that reflects social and workplace roles; time shaped at work to construct identity and the subjectivity of the individual. Imagined and material regimes of space permeates organisational, managerial and working life: the nature of union power, the movement of migrant labour and the organization of work reflect the spatial distribution of labour market function and power, and the attempts by workers, unions and managers to contest these allocations. Discourse analysis and narrative theory offer crucial insights into the construction of work-based identities, and critical methodogical tools for analyzing the metaphors and practices that govern work. The contributors to Rethinking Work draw from their expertise in strategic management, discourse and narrative analysis, organizational theory, labour and business history, labour geography and the study of unions, gender and human resource management. Their innovative and heterogeneous contributions to Rethinking Work reflect that the study of work must itself be capable of adaptation to the profound changes reshaping this most powerful expression of human relationships and experience. 2010-01-27T23:23:31.797Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:1824 This book relates the purpose, history and achievements of unions. It explains why workers have formed their own organisations, how they have been sustained, and what they have won. 2010-01-27T23:11:53.801Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:2401 In this article, we explore responses of trade unions to the reconfiguration of the Australian industrial relations system in the 1990s. We argue that a major characteristic of these changes is the way in which they were socially constructed as necessary imperatives of globalization and new modes of production. Our interpretation focuses on the importance of geographic scale. We contend that a relational sense of scale is consistent with an analysis of the situatedness of labor practices and that Australia has witnessed a particularly striking use of "globalization" as political narrative. We then detail key features of the new industrial relations environment in Australia that have transformed a system that was once exceptional in its degree of nationally centralized negotiation and collective bargaining. The implications of two important confrontations related to the 1996 Workplace Relations Act are explored in detail: the conflicts between transnational mining giant Rio Tinto and the mineworkers' union over reform in the Australian coal industry and the waterfront dispute over working practices and relations in Australian ports. In conclusion, we draw out some of the broader lessons from these events in the context of rescaling processes. 2010-01-27T23:04:59.222Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:6097 At the turn of the millennium, Egypt prepared for a vast New Year celebration on the Giza Plateau, amidst rumors about the Masonic symbolism of the planned party. At the same time, Egyptologists were excavating the tombs of the pyramid builders of Giza and billing these as proof that the pyramids were built by Egyptian nationals, not Israelite slaves. Both were topics of fierce local political debate about the external appropriation of Egypt's national monuments. Based on ethnographic research in Giza and Cairo and analysis of popular publications by and about Egyptologists, this article explores the links between Egyptology, Egyptian nationalism, and theories about the labor force that built the pyramids. It shows how debates over pyramid building and conspiracy theories about the millennium celebrations resonate in both the historical context of European imperialism in Egypt and current international political tensions. It examines archaeological accounts of the relationship between the pyramid builders and ancient state building, and the parallels between such accounts and the discipline's contemporary relationship with archaeological labor. It concludes by asking whether Egyptologists, both Egyptian and foreign, have not only a nationalist but also a disciplinary interest in particular narratives of the labor that built the pyramids. 2010-01-27T22:22:20.223Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:6583 It is extremely difficult to trace the causal pathway relating gene products or molecular pathways to the expression of behavior. This is especially true for social behavior, which being dependent on interactions and communication between individuals is even further removed from molecular-level events. In this review, we discuss how behavioral models can aid molecular analyses of social behavior. Various models of behavior exist, each of which suggest strategies to dissect complex behavior into simpler behavioral 'modules.' The resulting modules are easier to relate to neural processes and thus suggest hypotheses for neural and molecular function. Here we discuss how three different models of behavior have facilitated understanding the molecular bases of aspects of social behavior. We discuss the response threshold model and two different approaches to modeling motivation, the state space model and models of reinforcement and reward processing. The examples we have chosen illustrate how models can generate testable hypotheses for neural and molecular function and also how molecular analyses probe the validity of a model of behavior. We do not champion one model over another; rather, our examples illustrate how modeling and molecular analyses can be synergistic in exploring the molecular bases of social behavior. 2010-01-27T22:16:05.834Z ]]>