http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/services/Feed ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:25294 27 page(s) 2013-04-24T04:51:58.694Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:22144 This volume concentrates on the common Tetum language as it is spoken and written today by educated East Timorese. 2012-10-23T00:34:31.835Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:22204 160 page(s) 2012-10-23T00:32:28.951Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:19569 The discourse of mass media is considered as a site of power, a site of social struggle and a site where language is apparently transparent. Media institutions usually ‘naturalize’ things and disguise themselves to be as neutral as possible. They attempt to show that they reflect states of affairs disinterestedly and that they give the whole perception and arguments. In the recent studies of ‘sociopolitical’ discourse analysis where language, ideologies and power relations are closely examined, ‘youth’ has been viewed as one of the powerless and disregarded social groupings. This article takes critical approaches to discourse by extensively employing Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis and van Dijk’s sociocognitive approach as a theoretical framework to explore the relationships between language use, discourse practice and the sociocultural practice of news headlines on young offenders in Japanese and Thai press in order to provide an explanation of how media’s headlines on young offenders are produced, how they are interpreted, and how they reflect and manipulate the attitudes toward young offenders in Japanese and Thai society as a system of social domination. It can be remarked that language use in Thai newspapers has created a considerable negative viewpoint on young offenders by having strong connection with the social contexts and have psychological influence on the people in a society consequently while Japanese newspapers tend to focus on different issues and use more neutral linguistic strategies. 2012-06-04T20:42:31.118Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:11502 8 page(s) 2012-02-22T01:30:37.643Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:4031 An examination of the various inscriptions in Syriac script on display in Quanzhou (medieval Zayton). 2012-01-27T02:36:17.404Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:11506 The Confucian Analects was a product of the Confucians during the Chunqiu and Zhanguo periods. The text was composed as a series of aphorisms recorded, it is generally agreed, by Confucius’ disciples and their followers, and these aphorisms were later combined into a collection. Since the Analects was not written in a systematic style, and the scope of the contents seems so diverse, without careful examination one may be mystified by this style of record. 2011-03-02T01:30:09.231Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:7651 18 page(s) 2011-01-13T12:17:48.727Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:2830 This study investigated acoustic-phonetic characteristics of English vowels (four monophthongs /I A U V/ and two diphthongs /ei οu/) spoken by native speakers of Australian English (AusE, n = 6) and Thai (T, n = 15). The Thai speakers had lived in Australia for an average of 3.2 years. While the Thai speakers did not differ significantly from the AusE speakers in their vowel quality for monophthongs, they were more dissimilar in their production of diphthongs. Specifically, the Thai speakers produced English diphthongs with less formant movement, a phenomenon widely reported for speakers of various other Southeast Asian languages. Differences between the Thai and AusE groups reached statistical significance for the female speakers. As for temporal characteristics, the Thai speakers produced significantly shorter monophthongs, but not diphthongs, than did the AusE speakers. As a result, the ratio of monophthongs to diphthongs was much smaller for the Thai (0.53) than for the AusE group (0.72). It appeared that the Thai speakers equated the English diphthongs /ei/ and /οu/ with the long vowels /e:/ and /o:/, respectively, in their first language (L1) Thai. Further, their production of the diphthongs may be related to a large number of diphthongs in the Thai vowel inventory, which may encourage its speakers to substitute existing L1 categories for the English diphthongs rather than forming authentic, new phonetic categories. 2010-09-01T23:20:26.451Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:9164 24 page(s) 2010-08-10T08:50:09.165Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:8973 This study compared acoustic characteristics of final stops in Korean and Thai. Word-final stops are phonetically realized as unreleased stops in these languages. Native speakers of Korean and Thai produced monosyllabic words ending with [p t k] in each of their native languages. Formant frequencies of /i a u/ at the vowel's offset were examined. In both languages, the place effect was significant and interacted with the vowel type. For non-front vowels (/a/ and /u/), F2 offset was highest before [t], while for the front vowel (/i/), it was highest before [k]. Preliminary results of a perception experiment with English-speaking listeners suggest that the absence of release bursts is most detrimental to the intelligibility of [k], least for [p] and intermediate for [t]. 2010-07-21T12:10:25.291Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:8963 10 page(s) 2010-07-19T06:30:18.234Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:8964 This paper describes the key role the design and employment of a suite of Technology Evaluation Tools (TET) played in the development of a whole of discipline approach to Information and Communication Technology Supported Teaching. In partnership with the university's Institute of Higher Education Research and Development, a set of Technology Evaluation Tools was developed that assisted in ensuring that any technology chosen for inclusion in our teaching programs would serve the program and the students well. This paper discusses the project and some of its outcomes. 2010-07-19T06:30:14.125Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:8869 1 page(s) 2010-07-07T06:40:13.867Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:8734 16 page(s) 2010-06-22T07:30:39.282Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:1580 This paper describes our project titled “Creation of an animation component incorporated in the JPN261 online unit (Translation and Writing Japanese Workshop I)”. The project’s objective is to address students’ difficulties in choosing the appropriate Japanese prepositions/particles used to describe the relative position of objects. Acknowledging that certain animation has been previously used to assist students to develop language proficiency, the project endeavours to develop the student’s holistic understanding of language by using animation in a way that elicits students’ interactivity through their perceptiveness, sense of language and imagination. It sets out to develop a prototype exercise and implement it in the online unit, to facilitate research of the concept and the effectiveness of this type of animation as an educational tool. This is an initial step towards developing a full-scale exercise program, which will employ animation in E-learning of the Japanese language, and prospectively other languages. The development of the prototype exercise has just completed at the end of October 2002, and an analysis of its performance will be undertaken at the end of the second semester, 2002. 2010-06-17T04:28:42.500Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:8624 2010-06-17T04:00:07.455Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:8621 This paper integrates different supervisory models with a view to proposing a framework that will foster a supportive intellectual environment for the supervisor-student relationship. To provide conceptual background to the discussion, the paper reviews some of the existing models for postgraduate research supervision found in the literature. The paper juxtaposes these models against the experience that we, the authors, have encountered in our supervision of student research, as well as from interviews that we conducted with other supervisors. We argue that although the existing literature sets out multiple models of research supervision, our experience has been that they have been rather prescriptive and apply to specific situations. Here we redefine our experiences through our perception of our disciplinary environment, our perception of the university environment, and our student’s perspective. Unfortunately, little attention is paid in the literature to the perspective of the student in the supervision process. We argue that to foster an effective environment in the supervision of student research, there is a need to be aware of the variation in our students’ understanding of the research situation, their educational and cultural backgrounds, their expectations of the outcomes of their study and many other factors. Our proposed framework acknowledges that postgraduate supervision is a symbiotic process where balance is integral to the development of the student as researcher. 2010-06-16T13:31:17.009Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:8380 Allegory of a yellow flower( Asian race), a white flower (Caucasian race) and a black flower harmoniously dance together after a tempest. Advocating peace and global harmony. 2010-06-02T03:30:10.118Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:2404 The Confucian "Lunyu" ("The Analects") is perhaps the most important text in the Confucian canon. Scholars have studied it and written about it for two millennia but little careful historical analysis has been done on the text, especially from the perspective of a particular social group. In this work the Lunyu is interpreted from the perspective of the social group known as shi (officers or potential officers). Confucius and his disciples, all living between the late Chunqiu or Spring and Autumn period (770--481 B.C.) and the Zhanguo or Warring States period (481-221 B.C.), were members of the shi class and the Lunyu records anecdotes about them as well as their conversations and statements said to have originated with them. The contribution of this study to the field of scholarship is two-fold. It clarifies the meaning of the term shi (variously translated as 'scholar,' 'man of service,' 'man of excellence,' and 'officer') that has been rendered ambiguous in Chinese classical literature because its terms of reference have changed over time. More importantly, the study increases our understanding of this Confucian text by providing a historical context from the perspective of the shi as a social group and allows us to explain some of the inconsistencies in the text. This work also addresses some controversial claims presented in the work of Robert Eno and Bruce and Taeko Brooks. Given the central canonical status of the Lunyu, this new analysis of the text will be of interest to scholars concerned with the history of Chinese thought. 2010-05-19T06:40:14.332Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:4601 While twentieth-century Shanghai has received extensive scholarly treatment, the nineteenth century has remained understudied, even though it encompasses the first half-century of Shanghai's growth as a treaty port and the early years of Chinese-foreign contact. Published in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the Dianshizhai Pictorial provides a record of the new urban popular culture that emerged in Shanghai's foreign settlements during this period. Ye Xiaoqing has based this study on the Dianshizhai's detailed illustrations of everyday life at home, in commercial establishments, and in Shanghai's public areas. Her introduction to the more than one hundred drawings presented here points to the social background, lifestyle, and intellectual outlook of the Dianshizhai's literati writers and artists, the weakness of gentry control in the foreign settlements, and the commercialization and "modern" material culture that made Shanghai distinctive. The drawings and commentaries of the Dianshizhai contrast the settlements with "traditional" culture and urban life in the adjacent Chinese city and vividly convey items of interest - from the quotidian to the bizarre - highlighting local fascination with and anxiety at the rapid changes in Shanghai's increasingly cosmopolitan society. 2010-05-03T05:16:29.266Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:1613 The Chinese Language is a brief introduction to the main characteristics of Chinese, written to be accessible to beginning students as well as anyone with a general interest in Chinese language and culture. Not a language-learning title as such, The Chinese Language provides a demystifying overview of Chinese from a linguistic, historical and social perspective. Providing basic information such as where Chinese is spoken, the history and earliest written records, regional variations, and a description of the writing system, The Chinese Language provides an excellent starting point for anyone intrigued by the history and basics of Chinese language. 2010-04-30T06:55:57.189Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:7906 A huge, powerful dragon falls in love with a chatty donkey, romantically pursues him, and the pair are finally married in Shrek and have babies in Shrek 3. What does their happy marriage embody? Does it promote the notion of indiscriminative love? Focusing on Japanese folkloric representations of non-human animal brides, this paper discusses the significance of and changes within the irui-kon (lit. marriages between different kinds) and situates the folkloric legacy of these tales in relation to contemporary manga/anime, in terms of the search for genuine and equal relationships. Irui-kon has been a popular motif in many parts of the world since the ancient period. In Japan, such folkloric tales have evolved intertextually through different genres. Typically, such marriages are established between human grooms and non-human brides (e.g., heavenly woman, cranes, and foxes). The position of the non-human is ambiguous. They can marry only in human shape and will disappear when their identities are revealed. Despite the animistic closeness between humans and non-humans, the stories may be read as an individual’s longing for a genuine love suppressed and/or prohibited by social norms. Conversely western tales of love between humans and non-humans are anthropocentric with many non-humans (both males and females) being in fact cursed humans. When their curses have been broken, (e.g., by a princess’ kiss to a frog prince), they regain their human form. As exemplified by Beauty and the Beast, these tales are often retold and analysed in terms of sexual awakening. The tales of love and friendships between humans and non-humans (e.g., vampires, robots, animals) have increased considerably in recent decades. What do these discourses represent in a society where numerous social and physical barriers have been shaken, blurred and shifted? This paper deals with the irui-kon to link a message, posed by numerous youth literature today – Love me as I am. (290) 2010-04-27T12:00:49.245Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:7691 This paper will address some aspects of the particle 'oh' that have not been discussed in the existing literature (Heritage, 1984; Heritage, 1998; Schiffrin, 1987). In addition to its function as a so-called "change-of-state" marker; the particle functions also as what I call ''feigned 'oh'" and "emphatic 'oh'." I will demonstrate that these two types of 'oh' play critical roles in facilitating interaction, especially when involving ESL (English as a Second Language) speakers. I will also demonstrate that the main speaker strongly influences the emergence of 'oh', and thus 'oh' occurs as a mutual product of the speaker and the interlocutor rather than a product of only the interlocutor. This mutual orientation of 'oh' was frequently observed in my data from an ESL conversation class, because the ESL speakers were not particularly confident about their speech production and thus anticipated confirmation of their meaning by their teacher- interlocutor. This paper will expand the discussion of 'oh' and contribute to the literature on co-participation and interaction as they apply to ESL/EFL (English as a First Language) settings. 2010-04-07T05:00:07.064Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:7626 The deeply intertwined dichotomy of black/evilness and white/goodness continues to have profound influences on people’s perspectives of others, often causing tangible and intangible pains to individuals and groups in many parts of the world. Because of the simplicity of the distinction such deeply metaphoric imagery can be ingeniously exploited as a powerful rhetorical form in numerous ways in literary and artistic landscapes as well as in our everyday lives. Relating critically to this intense, deep-seated dichotomy, this paper aims at gaining an insight into the possible meanings conveyed by the imagery in manga/anime of ‘winged beings’, e.g., angel-like human figures with white wings and/or black (bat-like) wings and question the relevance of the black/white dichotomy, Otherness of these beings, their ambiguous presence as non-human protagonists and the intertexuality of largely Christian iconography within Japanese cotemporary youth cultures. When only white, winged entities appear in the manga/anime narratives, their Otherness, ambiguity and fragility are frequently focused on, rather than their superiority over mere humans. When the black and the white wings are contrasted, the genuine, sympathetic soul often belongs to the black whereas righteousness, intolerance and lack of sympathy are associated with white wings. By characterising them in this way, such narratives can question the presence of the rigid boundary between so-called good and evil, indicating alternative ways of co-existence amongst multiple parties as Others. The manga/anime works being examined include Anno Hideaki’s “Neon Genesis Evangelion”, CLAMP’s “X”, Yuki Kaori’s “Angel Sanctuary”, Hikawa Kyōko’s “Kanata kara” (From far away), Watase Yū’s “Ceres, Celestial Legend”, Miyazaki Hayao’s short, music film, “On Your Mark”, as well as Tezuka Osamu’s stories. 2010-03-30T08:40:26.087Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:7631 Article from Vol. 6, Special issue. A joint publication of the Centre for Research and Education in the Arts, University of Technology, Sydney and the Department of English, Macquarie University. 2010-03-30T08:40:11.128Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:6946 This paper reports on a project involving software selection in the context of a curriculum redesign of a university level Japanese language program. The project aimed to improve learning outcomes, increase flexibility in student access, and increase flexibility in approaches to teaching and learning, through the use of a variety of software packages and digital resources. In doing so, an imperative was to ensure the solutions adopted were manageable within the existing organisational arrangements of the Department and the University. The selection process has led to the development of three instruments which form the CICTO Framework for Software Selection. 2010-03-22T08:15:15.858Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:7268 23 page(s) 2010-03-09T03:30:09.089Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:430 This article traces Japanese and Australian media portrayals of the cultural aspects to the bilateral relationship. The article examines popular discourse about Japan and Australia in the media of each country, demonstrating how this has reflected the evolution of the cultural relationship. In Australia, the press has swung from portraying Japan as a problematic source of income from the resources trade, through to the home of 'cool' technology and fashion. In Japan, discourse about Australia has ranged from images of a country populated with cute animals, to a regional partner sharing the same democratic ideals. The article draws from the personal experiences of the author who was a correspondent and journalist for Australian and Japanese news corporations during the 1980s and 1990s. The author covered the 'koala wars' and the frill-necked lizard boom prompted by the Mitsubishi Mirage television commercial, as well as monitoring the growth in Japanese tourism to Australia. The author also draws on data from tracking surveys conducted by the Embassy of Japanese in Australia. 2010-01-27T23:28:17.449Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:1519 Anime is an audiovisual, symphonic narrative form characterised by diversity, fluidity, hybridity and intertexuality. The abundant borrowing of images is a common practice in both manga and anime, and is considered as homage to the pretext and/or the establishing of a provocative dialogue between texts. This paper will discuss some of its distinctive characteristics, mainly intertexuality, using Yoshitoshi Abe's enigmatic "Haibane Renmei" series (2002) and Haruki Murakami's novel, "Hard-boiled Wonderland and the End of the World" (hereafter HBW/EOW) (1985). 2010-01-27T23:15:30.193Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:1751 12 page(s) 2010-01-27T23:12:49.595Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:2237 This study examined Australian English (AE) and Thai–English bilingual (TE) speakers’ ability to perceive word-final stops in their native and non-native languages. In the perception experiment, the TE listeners were able to discriminate stop contrasts differing only in place of articulation (/p/–/t/, /p/–/k/, /t/–/k/) in both English and Thai accurately, but the AE listeners’ discrimination was accurate only for English. The listeners’ discrimination accuracy was differentially influenced by the type of stop contrast they heard. The Thai /p/–/t/ contrast was most discriminable for both groups of listeners, in particular, the AE listeners. Acoustic analyses of the Thai stimuli presented in the perception experiment were conducted in order to search for cues that led to different response patterns for the AE and TE listeners. There was a clear effect of the final stop on the formant trajectories of /a/ and /u/, suggesting that these acoustic differences may be audible to the listeners. The results provide further evidence that first language (L1) transfer alone is insufficient to account for listeners’ response patterns in cross-language speech perception and that it is necessary to take into account phonetic realization of sounds and/or the amount of acoustic information contained in the speech signal to predict accuracy with which sound contrasts are discriminated. 2010-01-27T23:06:38.345Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:2308 The transformation periods in my world of thought and the decifering of literature through cross cultural experiences. The interpretation of humanities across time and space. Some words of wisdom collected through over 30 years experiences in academic world and also in community services in Australia. 2010-01-27T23:05:49.780Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:2309 Prose-poem on how historical moments can be twisted if "to be or not to be" were made a choice the other way around. 2010-01-27T23:05:48.067Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:2430 3 page(s) 2010-01-27T23:04:41.703Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:2532 This paper examines the significant role and implication of Japanese ‘cute culture’ in today’s local and global societies as an effective, powerful communication device. 2010-01-27T23:03:33.327Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:2621 27 page(s) 2010-01-27T23:02:26.138Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:2832 The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the influence of age (adult vs. child) and length of residence (LOR) in an L2-speaking country (3 vs. 5 years) on degree of foreign accent in a second language (L2). Korean adults and children living in North America, and age-matched groups of native English (NE) adults and children, recorded English sentences in sessions held 1.2 years apart (T1 vs. T2). NE-speaking listeners rated the sentences for overall degree of perceived foreign accent using a 9-point scale. The native Korean (NK) children received significantly higher ratings than the NK adults did, but lower ratings than the NE children. The NK children—even those who had arrived as young children and been enrolled in English-medium schools for an average of 4 years—spoke English with detectable foreign accents. The effects of LOR and the T1–T2 differences were non-significant for both the NK adults and the NK children. The findings were inconsistent with the hypothesis that adult–child differences in L2 speech learning are due to the passing of a critical period. The suggestion is made that the milder foreign accents observed for children than adults are due, at least in part, to the greater L2 input typically received by immigrant children than adults. 2010-01-27T23:00:03.358Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:2831 This study examined the production and perception of English vowels by native Korean (NK) learners of English on two occasions separated by about 1 year. A preliminary experiment revealed that NK adults classified some pairs of contrastive English vowels using two different Korean vowels whereas other pairs showed classification overlap, implying they would be difficult for Korean learners of English to discriminate. In two subsequent experiments, NK adults and children differing in length of residence in North America (3 vs. 5 years; 4 groups of 18 each) were compared to age-matched native English (NE) speakers. In Experiment 2, NK children were found to discriminate English vowels more accurately than NK adults but less accurately than NE children. In Experiment 3, English words containing /i e ε æ / were elicited using a picture-naming task. Some vowels produced by NK children were heard as intended significantly more often than vowels produced by NK adults. Acoustic analyses revealed that NK children produced significantly larger between-vowel contrasts than NK adults but did not differ from NE children. Taken together, the results suggested that although children are more successful than adults in learning the phonetic properties of second-language vowels, they might continue to differ from age-matched native speakers in certain respects as uncovered by the vowel discrimination test in Experiment 2. 2010-01-27T23:00:03.063Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:2833 The aim of this study was to evaluate the acquisition of statistical properties of a second language (L2). Stop consonants are permitted in word-final position in both English and Korean, but they are variably released in English and invariably unreleased in Korean. Native Korean (K) adults and children living in North America and age-matched native English (E) speakers repeated English words ending in released tokens of /t/ and /k/ at two times separated by 1.2 years. The judgments of E-speaking listeners were used to determine if the stimuli were repeated with audible release bursts. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed fewer final releases for K than E adults, and fewer releases for /t/ (but not /k/) for K than E children. Nearly all /t/ and /k/ tokens were heard as intended in experiment 3, which evaluated intelligibility. However, the K adults’ /k/ tokens were identified with less certainty than the E adults’. Taken together, the results suggested that noncontrastive (i.e., statistical) properties of an L2 can be learned by children, and to a somewhat lesser extent by adults. 2010-01-27T23:00:01.507Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:3595 12 page(s) 2010-01-27T22:51:33.946Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:4068 The relationships in contemporary manga and anime between humans and humanoid machines-robots, androids and physical embodiments of computer progrnms - render permeable the boundary between human and machine, nature and culture, born and made. The distinction between human and machine ceases to be clear-cut as, on the one hand, artificial intelligence entities are depicted with evolving sentience and a capacity for emotional development and, beyond that, for subjective agency, and, on the other hand. people become 'cyborged' under social and/or familial pressures to perform the roles expected of them, and basic human communication is mediated through technology. 2010-01-27T22:45:47.806Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:4265 What constitutes and/or determines one person’s identity and uniqueness in the discourses of Japanese popular culture? Are individuals attributed with a potential for self-fashioning in dialogue with their surrounding community, or are they rather interpellated by social formations and influences? Situating narratives within the prevailing pressures to conform which are imposed intentionally or unintentionally on individuals in Japanese society, and the individuals’ internalised conflicts over their identities, this paper contrasts how Japanese animations, Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind (1984 hereafter Nausicaä) and Perfect Blue (1998) produce the characterisation of the principal female characters, Nausicaä and Mima respectively, in terms of subjectivity and abjection. Both films were based on earlier written texts (manga and novel), but discussion in this paper will focus only on the animations. 2010-01-27T22:43:32.929Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:4820 This article is based on largely uninvestigated archival material in the First Historical Archives in Beijing. It addresses the following issues: (1) How and why an internal office, the Nanfu, which was responsible for drama performances inside the palace, expanded its functions to become a monitoring organisation, the Shengpingshu, which exercised censorship over all the drama groups in the capital. (2) How political events were reflected in drama performed on both public and private occasions, thus shedding light on the inner world of individual emperors. (3) How these institutional changes led to the Qing court playing an active role in the transformation of a regional lower-class entertainment into Peking opera, a national art form appreciated by all classes. 2010-01-27T22:37:15.505Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:4935 This study examined the discrimination of word-final stop contrasts (/p/-/t/, /p/-/k/, /t/-/k/) in English and Thai by 12 listeners from diverse Asian language backgrounds (e.g., Cantonese, Korean, Indonesian, Vietnamese). Some of their first languages (L1) share specific phonetic realization of stops with Thai, namely, unreleased final stops and differ from English which allows both released and unreleased final stops. These 12 multilingual (M) listeners' discrimination accuracy was compared to that of the two listener groups (Australian English (AE), Thai (T), n = 18 each) tested in previous studies using the same experimental procedures. The M group did not differ from the AE or T group in discriminating English stop contrasts, but was significantly less accurate than the T group in discriminating Thai stop contrasts. They were slightly (but nonsignincantly) better than the AE listeners in discriminating Thai stops. This suggests that familiarity with specific phonetic realization of sounds (i.e., unreleased final stops) may play a facilitative role in perceptual flexibility, but without an exposure to native phonetic contrasts that include detailed acoustic characteristics, it may be difficult to develop the capacity to discriminate subtle phonetic differences to the level of native listeners. 2010-01-27T22:35:59.013Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:4936 11 page(s) 2010-01-27T22:35:57.806Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:5072 32 page(s) 2010-01-27T22:34:30.792Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:5182 Advances in telecommunication technologies have massively altered the landscapes within which human relationships and self perspectives are enacted. Electronically transmitted, inter-linked spaces (e.g., via Internet, mobile phones and DVDs) are now part of our daily lives, fusing the virtual and the real, and revealing our fragile identity and stability as individuals. Manga (Japanese cartoons) and anime (animated manga) represent some of the most popular media circulating through global communities today, offering vast, imaginary sites for shielding people’s injured, suppressed and shaken individuality which has intensified from the pressures of continuous social competitions and conformity. This paper discusses how the study of manga/anime as visually crafted experiences can reflect the fluid and hybrid complexity of contemporary society through rich narratives as well as kaleidoscopic representations. Treating these representations as scholarly “objects” therefore involves linking diverse disciplinary fields such as literature, education, psychology, cultural studies, religious studies, history, anthropology, politics and consumerism. Most manga/anime are story-driven and are able to deal with “nearly every imaginable subject” (Schodt, 1996). Their readerships range from infants to mature men/women while their contents and styles differ widely. They have also evolved with and are linked to other communication media, such as electronic games, the Internet, and mobile phones. Manga/anime are therefore situated as pivotal points for inter-disciplinary and cross-cultural research into not only contemporary Japan but also post-modern society in general. 2010-01-27T22:33:19.293Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:5192 25 page(s) 2010-01-27T22:33:13.444Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:5266 Advanced high-technology communications has brought significant changes to language presentation. Considering the role of written languages and their evolution, this paper discusses the materiality of language, particularly the increased visuality of written Japanese in socio-cultural and psychological contexts. An incorporation of graphics into linguistic presentations (e.g., picturisation of letters and characterisation of graphics) is a prevailing, current phenomenon. Graphic symbols (e.g., emoticons) have increasingly come to express writers' feelings in electronic communications. New graphic writings have also come into existence. This is exemplified by girls' stylised letters/characters, born in a fusion of social, cultural, historical and psychological changes: the demand for efficiency, commercialisation and the fictionality derived from writers' desires for self-expression, conformity and anonymity. The intensified visuality in linguistic presentations indicates that today's written discourses convey less intellectual information and more aesthetic and/or emotional values. This certainly reflects this period of excessive information. I suggest, however, the strong visual performance of Japanese writing is intrinsic. There is a marked similarity between today's writing and that of the Heian period (794-1192), in terms of aesthetics and psychologies. We write to communicate with others and ourselves, therefore the exploration of writing styles shows a cross-section of our social and mental activities. 2010-01-27T22:32:18.977Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:5402 In the closing years of the 20th Century, two competing strategic paradigms emerged from the United States and the People's Republic of China. The 'Asymmetric Warfare' (US) and 'Unrestricted Warfare' (PRC) paradigms were both hailed as the new doctrine of warfare required to meet the challenges of the 21st Century. Although the names of these two paradigms allude to a similar doctrine, they in fact differ at the most fundamental levels of cultural assumptions and cultural perspectives. The respective paradigms are deeply rooted in each culture's philosophic roots and the way each views strategic and state affairs. The American 'Asymmetric Warfare' paradigm is centred on the complete battlespace dominance by a potent US military, based on modern RMA technologies. It is a paradigm firmly based on the scientific and rationalist, Western 'way of war'. The Chinese 'Unrestricted Warfare' paradigm reflects the holistic and abstract Chinese view of statecraft. Its premise is that in the interdependent and globalised post Cold War world, the nature of warfare in the 21st Century has evolved beyond that of the traditional paradigms of military confrontation. Warfare has evolved to encompass all aspects of state affairs, including national economies, national infrastructure and public opinion; where the 'combatants' include statesmen, scientists, economists, consumers, voters and the media. International trends in the years around the turn of the century lend great gravity to this paradigm. In the 21st Century, the real 'Revolution in Military Affairs' will be the ability to transcend one's own cultural paradigms and to view the adversary through his own cultural norms and assumptions. 2010-01-27T22:30:43.792Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:5526 2010-01-27T22:29:44.152Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:5528 2010-01-27T22:29:42.958Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:5533 A collection of articles describing my research carried out in Beijing Tsinghua University and Hitotsubashi University in Tokyo : discourse on Tang poetry and comparison between Chinese literature and Western literature : film critiques on Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon directed by Ang Lee which is one of the major films selected for my film course : analysis of the rising of martial arts novel and its international impact. 2010-01-27T22:29:40.817Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:5618 14 page(s) 2010-01-27T22:28:37.010Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:5733 This study examined the discrimination of word-final stop contrasts (/p/-/t/, /p/-/k/, /t/-/k/) in English and Thai by 12 listeners who speak Vietnamese as their first language (L1). Vietnamese shares specific phonetic realization of stops with Thai, i.e., unreleased final stop and differs from English which allows both released and unreleased final stops. These 12 native Vietnamese (NV) listeners’ discrimination accuracy was compared to that of the two listener groups (Australian English (AE), native Thai (NT)) tested in previous studies. The NV group was less accurate than the native group in discriminating both English and Thai stop contrasts. In particular, for the Thai /t/-/k/ contrast, they were significantly less accurate than the AE listeners. The present findings suggest that experience with specific (i.e., unreleased) and native phonetic realization of sounds may be essential in accurate discrimination of final stop contrasts. The effect of L1 dialect on cross-language speech perception is discussed. 2010-01-27T22:27:08.355Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:6022 In this paper, it will be analyzed how globalization affects the lawyers' culture and as a result has an impact on the society's legal culture. 2010-01-27T22:23:15.359Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:6073 1st ed. 2010-01-27T22:22:38.691Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:6133 For learners of Japanese as a foreign language, raising awareness of their individual speech patterns and building confidence in speaking skills is of critical importance for the continued improvement of their ability to communicate in Japanese. However, in the university context, there are limited opportunities for learners to experience and participate in authentic Japanese communication. The literature shows that learners need consistent and conscious guidance by language instructors if they are to improve their oral skills, yet limited face to face class time and limited access to the instructor in that class time available make it difficult for learners to have real opportunities to express themselves in Japanese. In this case study, the use of Voice Board integrated into a course website is investigated for its potential to improve the oral skills of learners with limited class time who are at the late beginner and early intermediate levels of Japanese. Each group of students completed two or three units of work per semester. Each unit was broken into a sequence of steps. The preliminary steps involved students preparing their thoughts in Japanese and working with feedback from instructors to improve their Japanese expression. The critical steps involved students recording their thoughts and receiving feedback from peers on what they had said. At the same time students were able to receive individual feedback on their oral skills. This knowledge and raised self-awareness was then utilised in their next oral task. Based on instructors’ observations, learners’ feedback on their own motivation, and awareness and actual improvement noted in learner’s speech in this trial, the presentation discusses the potential of the use of web-based Voice Board for improvements in the teaching of oral skills. 2010-01-27T22:21:57.817Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:6297 Reflecting upon the increased borderlessness of today's society, which is ever expanding through information technologies and commercialisation, the positioning and role of the 'school' in children's lives has changed significantly. A knowledge explosion has occurred, generating innumerable, readily accessible sources of information, even for children. Morals, disciplines and religious values have become increasingly blurred. In such a situation, what do children seek, and find, in 'school'? This paper discusses the positioning of the 'school' in Japanese children's lives as opposed to their family life, through the media of manga (Japanese cartoons, including animations). Manga, the combined art form of verbal and visual representation, is a powerful, flexible and fertile apparatus used to directly and freely respond to and/or annunciate social phenomena. 'School' has chosen as a popular and significant location of numerous manga, particularly since 1970, yet its commercial success has ironically paralleled the disappearance of children's free time and space, .... their childhood. Acknowledging that Japan's situation is characterised by a unique locality such as its weak recognition of 'individuality', this analysis endeavours to provide some indication for the role and value of the 'school' in children's lives in the wider, post-modern society. 2010-01-27T22:19:45.076Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:6298 The aim of supervision is to support a student's development to become a competent, autonomous researcher. This requires supervisors to have a wide range of responsibilities, abilities balanced views and practices to deal with intellectual, psychological and cultural issues. The challenge for Asian students is the developing subtly in language, thinking and autonomy. Supervisors should be aware of philosophical and pragmatic levels. First, the magnitude of the language barrier should be recognised as it affects all academic practice; speed of absorption and thinking and quality of comprehension, besides difficulties in academic writing. Second, different ways of thinking should be understood not as cultural and/or personal immaturity, inability but as difference. Third, student's heavy dependence on their supervisors, a serious obstacle for the development of their autonomy, is deeply rooted in their customary perspective and practice that the respect for others is expressed as their full trust and obedience. In short, it is crucial for supervisors to recognise the difference between students capability and intellectual capacity as researcher, their attitude and practice stemming from their culture, and to help students holistic development, not replacing one culture to another, but based on their native culture to nurture their multicultural intellectualities. This paper will discuss the difficulties experienced by Asian research students developing into competent researchers in the Western academic environment. 2010-01-27T22:19:44.615Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:6367 The appropriate selection of particles is critical in Japanese as it is often the particles, rather than the word order, that determine the function of words in a sentence, and consequently, the meaning of the sentence. However, students often face difficulty in competently handling particles mainly due to their unfamiliarity with the spatial cognition of Japanese. It is difficult to teach this through translation into English. This paper reports on the conceptualisation and development of three prototype online exercises designed as a supplemental tool for teaching particles. The exercises encourage students to 'feel' the nuances of each particle by connecting their choice of particles to the visualisation of the sentence using interactive animation. The paper also reports on feedback from users of the prototype that identifies areas of improvement for the final product. 2010-01-27T22:18:46.673Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:6373 4 page(s) 2010-01-27T22:18:41.601Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:6692 The aim of this paper is to investigate the changing use of Japanese personal pronouns in a contact situation, especially in relation to translation and modern Japanese novels, at the turn of the 20th century. The use of personal pronouns is a very good indicator of the linguistic changes that occurred in this contact situation, because this was the time when previously invisible (infrequently used) pronouns became visible. By using Natsume Soseki's entire body of novels as a case study, my research attempts to explain results in three important findings: firstly, that the synchronic variations in terms of reference at the time were, in fact, the results of ongoing diachronic shift; secondly, that the coexistence of a variety of forms illustrated the transitional process; and finally, that the major influencing factor in the change was cross-cultural contact. 2010-01-27T22:14:47.218Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:6758 For just a few decades from the 1880s, a large number of European mystery novels were serialised in Japanese newspapers, in the form of adaptive translations (hon’an mono). The alterations to the original texts included names of characters and places, as well as tone and plot, to familiarise readers with European cultures, geographies and notions of modernity within the Japanese psychological framework. Such translations are an interesting example of how the mass media facilitated intercultural transaction in early modern Japan. One such example is Kuroiwa Ruikô’s Sute obune (abandoned small boat), serialised in 156 episodes in his newspaper Yorozu chôhô (October 1894 and July 1895). This work was an adaptive translation of the Mary Braddon mystery novel Diavola, originally published in the London Journal between October 1866 and July 1867. In Sute obune, Ruikô altered characters’ names to Japanese, offering a peculiar intertexual image - characters with Japanese names thoroughly at home in a European environment. This paper will focus on an intertexual analysis of names and perspectives in Ruikô’s Sute obune compared to the Braddon original, Diavola. The Japanese names chosen for characters in Sute obune are suggestive of their status, attitude and personality, as exemplified by the cold-blooded and scheming poisoner Kawabayashi, for whose name Ruikô used the Chinese characters signifying “skin” and “forest”). 2010-01-27T22:13:59.824Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:6825 Who am I? Is there anyone who loves me as I am? A quest for ‘individual identity’ is a major topic in manga (and anime) texts, which combine visual art forms with strong narrative-driven structures that portray a diverse range of social phenomena. This paper examines the characterisation of ‘twins’ in manga and anime, paying particular attention to ‘identical twins’ in girls’ manga, in terms of the following: the fashioning of self and the individual’s quest for / negotiation of subjective forms of agency through their struggles with actual and/or internalised pressures for social conformity. As De Nooy (2005) claims, tales of twins figure as a significant motif in contemporary culture and these narratives continuously evolve to respond to the place and the period of their (re)telling, often representing an account of an ambiguous self and/or ‘other self’ in relation to issues of gender and sexuality. Twins in manga (and anime) are the same, yet such characters are often created by female artists for female readers as embodiments of personal, psychological struggles for individual independence rather than as a gendered girl, unlike western novels, plays and films. Perhaps reflecting the general impression of ‘twins’ as the identical, Japanese twins in manga (and anime) are generally limited to the identical (same sex) or male/female twins with similar appearances. Male/female twins tend to represent the strong, affectionate, (mythic) bond, with incestuous overtones. It can deconstruct pre-determined gender roles but only lightly, as exemplified by the first twin manga, Tezuka Osamu’s ‘Futago no kishi’ (Twin knights) from 1958. In contrast, tales of identical twins often focus on their rivalry and their conflict, where jealousy plays a critical role. It explores psychological issues, in which the twins may be interpreted as dramatisations of the self and the mirrored self, the split and fragmented self, and the internal conflict between unconsciousness and the social self or the ego and the super-ego. Many identical twins narratives in manga revolve around deep-seated anxieties and uncertainties about individual identity, especially that of girls. As Fujimoto (2001) sums up: twin tales in the 1950s demonstrate a recovery of lost wholeness, which end with the happy reunion of twin girls who grew up separately, followed by darker and more suspenseful stories, entwined with jealousy, rivalry and conflict between twins with contrasting nature (e.g., the good and the bad). From 1985, along with a general interest in ‘identity’, twin narratives of both girl twins and boy twins flourished, with a specific focus on psychological issues, such as inner conflict; conflict between the self and the expected self, which also closely related to other narratives (e.g., clones, multiple personalities and reincarnations), all of which relate to issues concerning individual identity. In recent manga publications twin tales are increasingly characterised by playfulness, lightness and positive tones in their depiction of identical twins’ development of independence - from the double to two individuals as exemplified by Minako Narita’s Cipher. 2010-01-27T22:12:51.714Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:6898 This study examined the discrimination of word-final stop contrasts (/p/-/t/, /p/-/k/, /t/-/k/) in English and Thai by native speakers of Cantonese (C), Japanese (J), Korean (K) and Vietnamese (V). The listeners’ first languages (L1) differ substantially in how word-final stops are phonetically realized. Although Japanese does not permit word-final stops, the J listeners were able to discriminate English (but not Thai) contrasts accurately, demonstrating that non-native contrasts are learnable beyond early childhood. The C, K and V listeners have experience with unreleased final stops in their L1s, but differed in their discrimination accuracy especially for Thai stop contrasts. This research highlights the value of systematically comparing listener groups from diverse L1 backgrounds in gaining a better understanding of the role of L1 experience in cross-language speech perception. 2010-01-27T22:11:51.892Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:4659 The article concentrates on the criticism of the Chinese Qing dynasty's national anthem's musical score made by a prominent court musician, Cao Xinquan. The traditional Confucian view of music based upon principles expounded in the "Book of Rites" is quite familiar to Cao. The anthem, he argued, ignored those principles and hastened the demise of the dynasty. 2010-01-24T23:19:50.286Z ]]> http://www.researchonline.mq.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/mq:7 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Honours) at Macquarie University. 2010-01-20T01:12:35.767Z ]]>