Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/188656
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- Title
- Comparison of dermal absorption of zinc from different sunscreen formulations and differing UV exposure based on stable isotope tracing
- Related
- Science of the total environment, Vol. 420, (2012), p.313-318
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.046
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Date
- 2012
- Author/Creator
- Gulson, Brian
- Author/Creator
- Wong, Herbert
- Author/Creator
- Korsch, Michael
- Author/Creator
- Gomez, Laura
- Author/Creator
- Casey, Philip
- Author/Creator
- McCall, Maxine
- Author/Creator
- McCulloch, Malcolm
- Author/Creator
- Trotter, Julie
- Author/Creator
- Stauber, Jenny
- Author/Creator
- Greenoak, Gavin
- Description
- In a pilot study to determine if zinc (Zn) from zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen can penetrate human skin in vivo, nanoparticles (~30nm) of a stable isotope (52% ⁶⁸Zn enrichment) were incorporated into an essentially phytochemical-based formulation and applied to the backs of 3 human subjects twice daily for 5days during the Southern Hemisphere winter. Blood and urine were collected prior to application and at regular intervals and up to 50days. As observed in a larger outdoor trial following this pilot study but with a different formulation and with UV exposure: values of ⁶⁸Zn in blood continued to increase beyond the 5day application phase with the highest measurement at 14days after the first application; variable amounts of the ⁶⁸Zn tracer were observed in urine; and the amounts of extra Zn added to blood were small and indicate very low levels of absorption (minimal estimate <0.01% of the applied dose) through the skin. Reasons for differences in absorption detected in the stable isotope trials and previous investigations include: the sensitivity of the stable isotope method; the duration of the investigations; the number of applications of sunscreen formulation; in vitro methods with excised skin; lack of measurement of blood and urine; no skin flexing; and lack of UV exposure.
- Description
- 6 page(s)
- Subject Keyword
- Human
- Subject Keyword
- In vivo
- Subject Keyword
- Nanoparticles
- Subject Keyword
- Sunscreen
- Subject Keyword
- Zinc isotopes
- Subject Keyword
- Zinc oxide
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Organisation
- Macquarie University. Graduate School of the Environment
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/188656
- Identifier
- ISSN:0048-9697
- Identifier
- mq_res-ext-2-s2.0-84857655726
- Language
- eng
- Reviewed
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